A gas-cooled reactor (GCR) is a kind of nuclear reactor that employs graphite as a neutron moderator and a gas as a coolant (in current designs, carbon dioxide or helium). The inner cycle of a gas-cooled reactor uses gas to obtain thermal energy from the fuel components and transfer it within the heat exchanger to evaporate water. It then flows to the heat exchangers positioned outside of the reactor concrete’s pressure tank. These are gas-to-water heat exchangers that employ a once-through principle to heat the running water. The water is then used in the standard steam cycle. The critical point of water is used to run the once-through boiler. When the pressure in the Rankine cycle increases, so does the saturation temperature. when a result, when the pressure rises, the amount of latent heat required reduces. At a critical point, no latent heat is necessary, therefore the water evaporates immediately into steam. The once-through boiler operates at pressures that are higher than the critical water point pressure. As a result, they are also known as “supercritical boilers.”
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